Foster-Kennedy syndrome is a rare neurological-ophthalmological syndrome caused by a space-occupying lesion in the region of the anterior cranial fossa (Anterior cranial fossa). It is characterized by a distinctive clinical triad.
Clinical presentation
The syndrome classically manifests as the following clinical triad:[^1]
Ipsilateral <b>Anosmia</b>Olfactory nerve.
Ipsilateral optic atrophy: Results in a central Scotoma (visual field defect) due to direct pressure from the tumor on the ipsilateral optic nerve.
Contralateral <b>Optic disc edema</b>intracranial pressure.
Occasionally, ipsilateral Proptosis also occurs due to orbital involvement by the causative tumor[^1].
Etiology
The most common cause of Foster-Kennedy syndrome is a slow-growing tumor of the anterior cranial fossa. These include, in particular, meningiomas (e.g., Olfactory groove meningioma or Sphenoid wing meningioma).
The pathology is usually located in the region of the olfactory nerve or the medial portion of the Sphenoid bone.
Treatment
Treatment is directed at the underlying cause and generally consists of neurosurgical resection of the causative tumor.