Canalis nervi hypoglossi

Last edited and medically reviewed by Alaric Steinmetz on 12.01.2024

Synonyms: hypoglossal canal

The Canalis nervi hypoglossi is the groove-shaped bony canal in the Os occipitale through which the Nervus hypoglossus exits the skull.

Anatomy

The Canalis nervi hypoglossi runs bilaterally along the margin of the Foramen magnum, above the Condyli occipitalis.

Variability

In rare cases, the Canalis nervi hypoglossi may be divided into two channels[^4].

Clinical relevance

Due to the anatomical proximity of the Canalis nervi hypoglossi to the occipital condyle, hypoglossal nerve deficits may rarely occur in fractures of the occipital condyle[^2]. Of all cranial nerves, the hypoglossal nerve is the cranial nerve most frequently affected in Occipital condyle fractures[^1] [^3].

Figure

Schematic illustration of the occipital bone — Schematic illustration of the internal surface of the occipital bone. Figure adapted from Gray's Anatomy.

External surface of the occipital bone — Schematic illustration of the external surface of the occipital bone showing the muscle attachments. Figure adapted from Gray's Anatomy.

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