Chang Classification

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The Chang classification is a staging system for medulloblastoma1 2:

Stage Characteristics
M0 The tumor shows no evidence of metastasis on MRI and CSF cytology.
M1 Microscopic detection of tumor cells in the CSF.
M2 Intracranial metastases can be observed on MRI remote from the primary tumor.
M3 Metastases in the spinal subarachnoid space.
M4 Metastases outside the cerebrospinal axis.

References

    1. Chang, Chu H., Edgar M. Housepian, and Charles Herbert. "An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technic for cerebellar medulloblastomas." Radiology 93.6 (1969): 1351-1359. ↩ ↩

    2. Northcott, Paul A., et al. "Medulloblastoma." Nature reviews Disease primers 5.1 (2019): 1-20. ↩ ↩

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