The tumor suppressor protein p53, encoded by the TP53 gene (Tumor Protein 53 on chromosome 17), is a transcription factor that activates and regulates DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis[^2].
Mutations
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human tumors. Depending on the tumor, somatic mutations may be relevant for confirming the diagnosis of malignancy and for prognosis, and occur more frequently in advanced tumor stages and in more aggressive tumor subtypes. In addition to somatic mutations, inherited mutations of TP53 that confer a predisposition to tumors are also found (e.g., Li-Li-Fraumeni syndrome)[^1].