Subclavian Steal Syndrome is characterized by hypoperfusion of the vertebrobasilar territory caused by retrograde blood flow in the Arteria vertebralis.
Historical
Subclavian Steal Syndrome was first described in 1961 by Reivich et al.[^1], and the term Subclavian Steal Syndrome was first used shortly thereafter by Fisher C.M. [^2].
Epidemiology
The prevalence of Subclavian Steal Syndrome is not precisely known and is estimated to be between 0.6% and 6%[^4] [^5].
Pathophysiology
Subclavian Steal Syndrome is caused by stenosis of the proximal segment of the subclavian artery (on the left) or the brachiocephalic trunk (on the right). This can result in retrograde blood flow in the vertebral artery, which may lead to hypoperfusion in the vertebrobasilar territory[^3].
Symptoms
Subclavian Steal Syndrome is frequently an incidental finding. In symptomatic patients, Subclavian Steal Syndrome typically presents with neurological symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, hearing impairment, or presyncopal episodes.