Parinaud syndrome refers to the occurrence of vertical gaze palsy and other neurological deficits due to damage to the cranial nerve nuclei in the region of the Mesencephalon
Symptoms
The exact neurological symptoms that may accompany Parinaud syndrome vary; however, the following symptoms are generally considered part of Parinaud syndrome[^1]:
Supranuclear upward gaze palsy. Horizontal eye movements are not affected.
Lid retraction
Paralysis of accommodation
Convergence palsy
Sylvian aqueduct syndrome
Sylvian aqueduct syndrome is a special form of Parinaud syndrome in which downward gaze palsy is additionally present[^1].
Etiology
Parinaud syndrome may occur, for example, in patients with a symptomatic Pineal cyst[^2].