Nelson syndrome is characterized by reactive, marked growth of the Pituitary gland, specifically the basophilic corticotroph cells, following bilateral adrenalectomy. It is therefore a response to iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency.
Epidemiology
Nelson syndrome is very rare and can be observed in approximately 10-30% of patients following bilateral adrenalectomy[^1].
Features
Increased plasma ACTH concentration
Adrenal insufficiency
Pituitary cell hyperplasia