Facial nerve palsy refers to paralysis of the Facial nerve. Clinically, a distinction is made between peripheral and central facial nerve palsy. In patients with incomplete eyelid closure, the Bell phenomenon can frequently be observed.
Peripheral facial nerve palsy
Peripheral facial nerve palsy results from a lesion or transection of the facial nerve in its nuclei (nuclear) or along its peripheral course. In contrast to central facial nerve palsy, peripheral facial nerve palsy also affects the frontal muscles.
Central facial nerve palsy
Central facial nerve palsy is paralysis in the distribution of the facial nerve caused by damage to the motor cortex or corticobulbar tract.
Clinical classification according to severity
The severity of facial nerve palsy is usually classified into different grades according to the House and Brackmann classification.