Markwalder Classification
Last edit by Alaric Steinmetz on
The Markwalder classification is used for the clinical categorization of patients with chronic subdural hematomas into five different grades and was published in 1981[^1].
Grade | Description |
0 | Patient neurologically normal |
1 | Patient awake and oriented, mild symptoms such as headaches. Absent or mild neurological symptoms such as reflex asymmetry, for example. |
2 | Patient sleepy, disoriented with variable neurological deficits such as hemiparesis, for example. |
3 | Patient stuporous, but responds to pain stimuli. Severe focal neurological deficits such as hemiplegia, for example. |
4 | Patient comatose. No motor response to painful stimuli. Decerebrate or decorticate posture. |
Figure
