The superior gluteal nerve is a peripheral nerve that arises from the Plexus sacralis and contains nerve fibers from the L5–S2 spinal cord segments[^1].
Course
The superior gluteal nerve passes over the superior border of the Piriformis muscle dorsally through the suprapiriform foramen to the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles. Between these two muscles, the superior gluteal nerve continues to the tensor fasciae latae muscle[^1].
Function
In accordance with its anatomical course, the superior gluteal nerve provides motor innervation to the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles.
Clinical relevance
Paralysis of the superior gluteal nerve weakens abduction of the leg. When standing on the affected leg and raising the healthy leg, the opposite side of the pelvis drops, resulting in a positive Trendelenburg sign.