Mean arterial pressure, commonly abbreviated as MAP, is a central parameter in medicine, particularly in intensive care medicine. It represents the average pressure in the arteries over a complete cardiac cycle and is crucial for assessing organ perfusion.
Definition
MAP is usually reported in mmHg and can be calculated as follows:
MAP = (2 x Diastole + Systole)\/3
This formula is based on the assumption that the heart is in systole for approximately one-third of the time and in diastole for two-thirds. Therefore, the diastolic value is weighted twice as heavily.
Clinical relevance
MAP is of major clinical significance because it serves as an indicator of perfusion. An adequately high MAP is essential to ensure perfusion of vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys. In intensive care medicine, MAP is therefore closely monitored to ensure adequate organ perfusion.
A specific application of MAP in neurosurgery is the calculation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), which is crucial for assessing cerebral perfusion. CPP is the difference between MAP and intracranial pressure (ICP). An adequate CPP is essential for maintaining brain function and preventing ischemic brain injury.