The lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) is an anatomically prominent sulcus that demarcates the Temporal lobe from the overlying portions of the Frontal- and the parietal lobe.
Historical
In 1663, Franciscus de la Böe (1614-1672), also known as Dr. Sylvius, described the lateral sulcus, which subsequently also became known as the Sylvian fissure[^1].
Embryology
The lateral sulcus develops through the growth of the Opercula by the surrounding frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes[^2].
Anatomy
The lateral sulcus is a constant and prominent anatomical landmark that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. Along with the parieto-occipital sulcus, the lateral sulcus is the only constant sulcus[^2]. The lateral sulcus is divided into an anterior and a posterior portion between the Gyrus precentralis and Gyrus postcentralis.
